What is an LPC – OPC – LOE?
Pilots must demonstrate their competence regularly to ensure the safe operation of aircraft under normal and abnormal circumstances. Various training and evaluation methods help assess a pilot’s skills and knowledge, ensuring compliance with aviation standards. Here’s an updated guide to the LPC (Licence Proficiency Check), OPC (Operator Proficiency Check), and LOE (Line Operational Evaluation), as well as LOFT (Line Oriented Flight Training).
What is an LPC?
The Licence Proficiency Check (LPC) is an annual evaluation designed to revalidate a pilot’s licence. It ensures that pilots can demonstrate proficiency in handling aircraft systems, non-normal scenarios, and emergency procedures. The LPC is typically conducted in a full-flight simulator and includes:
- Ground Training: Preparation covering theoretical knowledge and systems.
- Simulator Training/Checking: Pilots demonstrate skills in all flight conditions, including takeoff, cruise, approach, and landing, with a focus on non-normal and emergency situations.
The LPC assesses:
- Adherence to Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).
- Effective use of Crew Resource Management (CRM).
- Technical proficiency in handling various scenarios.
Why is the LPC Necessary?
Pilots cannot practice emergency or abnormal procedures during regular line operations, making the LPC vital for maintaining proficiency and safety standards.
What is an OPC?
The Operator Proficiency Check (OPC) is a semi-annual assessment focusing on operational skills. Like the LPC, it is conducted in a full-flight simulator, but it emphasizes scenarios specific to an operator’s requirements. The OPC may include:
- Pilot Seat Qualification: Assessing proficiency in operating from either the left (Captain) or right (First Officer) seat.
- Low Visibility Operations (LVO): Recurrent training for handling low-visibility approaches and landings.
- Type Rating Progression: For pilots transitioning to a command role on a new aircraft type.
- Special Airport Qualification: Preparing for operations into challenging airports with unique procedures.
- Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT): Simulated real-time operational scenarios.
- CRM Training: Reinforcement of teamwork, communication, and decision-making skills.
- Emergency and Safety Equipment Training: Hands-on training with equipment used during emergencies.
Why is the OPC Necessary?
The OPC ensures pilots remain proficient in routine and operator-specific procedures, addressing areas like advanced operations and situational awareness.
What is an LOE?
The Line Operational Evaluation (LOE) is the primary proficiency evaluation designed to test a pilot’s ability to integrate technical knowledge with CRM skills during a full mission scenario. Unlike the LPC and OPC, which focus on isolated tasks or scenarios, the LOE replicates a full operational flight.
Key Features of the LOE:
- Conducted in a simulation device approved for Advanced Qualification Programs (AQP).
- Evaluates job-specific technical skills and CRM competencies.
- Simulates realistic line operations, including normal and abnormal conditions.
Purpose of the LOE:
The LOE ensures pilots can:
- Manage realistic flight scenarios effectively.
- Respond to operational challenges using technical skills and CRM principles.
- Demonstrate readiness for line operations in dynamic environments.
What is LOFT?
Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) is a critical component of pilot training that uses flight simulators to replicate real-world operations. It is typically included in initial or recurrent training and focuses on scenarios with an emphasis on abnormal or emergency situations.
Key Elements of LOFT:
- Conducted in real-time with full crew participation in a simulated cockpit.
- Designed to integrate technical skills, communication, and leadership.
- Includes unexpected challenges, such as mechanical failures or adverse weather, without pre-briefing pilots.
Benefits of LOFT:
- Improves CRM and Operational Decision-Making: LOFT emphasizes teamwork and effective communication during high-pressure situations.
- Validates Procedures: Helps airlines assess the effectiveness of their operational and training procedures.
- Identifies Areas for Improvement: Highlights weaknesses in manuals, instrument layouts, or crew training.
LOFT Guidelines:
- Non-Interruptive: Instructors avoid interfering unless negative learning occurs.
- Thorough Debriefing: Following the session, the crew participates in a detailed debriefing using tools like video/audio recordings and instructor feedback.
LOFT scenarios often draw inspiration from accident reports or real-world incidents to ensure relevance and realism.
Why are LPC, OPC, LOE, and LOFT Important?
Ensuring Pilot Competence
These evaluations and training sessions are critical for maintaining pilot proficiency, ensuring they can handle both routine operations and unexpected scenarios safely and effectively.
Regulatory Compliance
Pilots are required by governing aviation authorities (e.g., CAA, EASA, FAA) to complete these checks and training sessions periodically to keep their licences valid.
Enhancing Safety
By simulating real-world challenges, pilots are better prepared to manage emergencies and contribute to overall aviation safety.
Need a Licence Revalidation?
If your licence is due for revalidation or you’re preparing for your next proficiency check, ensure you’re familiar with the latest requirements and procedures. Regular LPCs, OPCs, and LOEs not only keep you compliant but also enhance your skills and confidence as a pilot. An authorized examiner then verifies the competence of the pilot during a proficiency check. Need a License Revalidation?
